FOUCAULT

I have left that house for me /
a wall falls on way an angel /
herbs without footprints of people /
home because of nuts is not to address people /
environment is left to nature /
where a bush dance in the rain off /
seems to us the freedom to close /
as mad as those Ismália of Alphonsus Guimarães /
is not more people /
is no longer any person /
does not respond more to their individual /
or by legal /

I wanted that house, crazy /
the fallen angel in the walls /
a garden of weed /
a silence of stone carved in "La Pietà" by Michelangelo /
artist who returned to earth in pit dug /

No company /
but under the care of my well-beloved wisdom /

Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre: MICHEL FOUCALT:
Michel Foucault (Wikipedia: Michel Foucault) (Poitiers (Wikipedia: POITIERS), 15 de octubre de 1926 - París (Wikipedia: Paris), 25 de junio de 1984), was a philosopher, sociologist and historian French (Wikipedia: philosophy, SOCIOLOGY And French historian), Professor in several French universities and American (Wikipedia: FRENCH AND AMERICAN UNIVERISADADES) and chair of the History of the systems of thought (Wikipedia: HISTORY OF THE CHAIR OF SYSTEMS Pensamiento) in the Collège de France (wikipedia: College de France) (1970-1984). Their work has influenced in the most important personalities of the social sciences and the humanities (Wikipedia: PERSONALITIES OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES LAS). Paul-Michel Foucault Foucault was son of Paul, a surgeon (Wikipedia: surgeon) who expected that their son following his steps. Foucault eliminates' Paul 'from your name (Wikipedia: NAME). Admitted in the school Jesuit Saint Stanislaus (Wikipedia: COLLEGE OF SAINT-Stanislau Jesuit), en el que destaca. During this period (Wikipedia: PERIOD) o, Poitiers was part of the France of Vichy (Wikipedia: FRANCIA DE VICHY) and would be occupied by Germany (Wikipedia: occupied by Germany). After the war, (Wikipedia: WAR) Foucault admitted in the Escuela Normal Superior in Paris, (Wikipedia: ESCUELA NORMAL SUPERIOR DE PARIS) main entrance (Wikipedia: MAIN ENTRANCE) to an academic career in France (Wikipedia: EN UNA CARRERA DUCATION FRANCIA). Alli suffered acute depression (Wikipedia: ACUTE suffered DEPRECIONES) and even attempt suicide (Wikipedia: INTENDED TO suicide). Was led to a psychiatrist (Wikipedia: Psychiatry), and in addition to a BA in philosophy (Wikipedia: PHILOSOPHY DEGREE EN), also obtained an en psicología (Wikipedia: TAMBIÉN obtained PSICOLOGIA EN UNA) of recent creation in France (Wikipedia: Recent Creación de France). If involved in the clinical arm of the subject (Wikipedia: Housing IN THE DISCIPLINE OF CLINICAL BRAZ) and was centered in al inicio Ludwig Binswanger. Foucault pasó su agrégation in 1950. How many normaliens, Foucault was miembro del Partido Comunista Francés (Wikipedia: FOUCAULT EUF FRENCH COMMUNIST PARTY OF MIEMBOR) from 1950 to 1953. Their mentor Louis Althusser (Wikipedia: SU Mentor Louis Althusser) induced him to enter en él, si bien never actively participated in his cell (WIKIEDIA: cell), and was of low average al know what pasaba under Stalin (Wikipedia: Stalin) . After a brief period at the Ecole Normale (Wikipedia: École Normale), taught psychology (Wikipedia: ENSENADA Psychology) from 1953 to 1954 in the University of Lille (Wikipedia: UNIVERSIDAD DE LILLE). In 1954 publishes his first book (Wikipedia: PUBLIC SU PRIMER LIBRO), Maladie mentale et personnalité (Wikipedia: maladie MENTAL personalità ET). Ready Eligio salir de Francia (Wikipedia: France): in 1954 was cultural delegate in the University of Uppsala (Wikipedia: DELEGATED CULTURAL EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE UPPSALA), in Sweden (Wikipedia: Sweden). 1958 in Warsaw and the University of Hamburg (Wikipedia: Warsaw Y LA UNIVERSIDAD DE HAMBURG). Return to France in 1960 to finish their doctorate (Wikipedia: Doctor) and assume un puesto en la Universidad de Clermont-Ferrand (Wikipedia: UNIVERSIDAD DE CLERMONT-FERRAND). Ahí conoció to Daniel Defert (Wikipedia: DANIEL DEFERT) who lived with for life (Wikipedia: LIFE). In 1961 obtained his doctorate on the thesis (Wikipedia: Tesis). The 'main' was occupied puesto en Folie et Deraison: Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique and the 'secondary' (Wikipedia: Folies et Deraison: Histoire de la folie à L'AGE CLASSIQUE Y LA SECUNDAQRIA) consisted in the translation y comentarios de Antropología (Wikipedia: Traducción de COMMENTS OF ANTHROPOLOGY) from a pragmatic point of view of Kant (Wikipedia: PUNTO DE VISTA DE KANT Pragmatics). Folie et Deraison was very well received. In 1963 publishes naissance de la Clinique (Wikipedia: FOUCAULT PUBLIC: naissance de la Clinique), escribió un ensayo on Raymond Roussel (Wikipedia: FOUCAULT ESCRIBIÓ ENSAYO RAYMOND Rosselis)) and returned to publish his book of 1954 (titulándolo Maladie mentale et psychologie) . When Defert was sent to Tunisia for his military service, Foucault consiguió un puesto en la Universidad de Tunis in 1965. In 1966 published Les Mots et les choses (Wikipedia: FOUCAULT: Les mots et les CHOS). This book Marcó your interest in the structure, and for that reason was bound to Provisional Jacques Lacan, Claude Lévi-Strauss and Roland Barthes. (Wikipedia: Jacques Lacan, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Roland Barthes) Todavía estaba en Túnez (Wikipedia: TÚNEZ) when the estallaron Revuelta del Mayo francés (Wikipedia: Revuelta LAS DEL MAYO FRANCÉS). En el otoño del mismo return to France in 1968 and published L'archéologie du savoir (Wikipedia: FOUCAULT PUBLIC: L'archéologie du savoir)-in response to his critics, in 1969. After the events of May, the government believe a new experimental university in Vincennes (Wikipedia: UNIVERSIDAD DE VINCENNES). Foucault encabeza its department of philosophy (Wikipedia: FOUCAULT ENCABEZA the Department of Philosophy) in December 1968, and to recruit young univesitarios left. The radicalism (Wikipedia: RADICAL) from one of them (Judith Miller), which led to the ministry withdrawn the accreditation department al. In 1970 was elected at the prestigious Collège de France, to occupy the chair of the History of systems thinking (Wikipedia: SISTMAS Pensamiento DE). Involves is still in the policy on the root of all that its pareja, Defert, it had joined al ultra-Maoist Gauche group Proletarienne (Wikipedia: PROLETARIENNER GAUCHE), con el que tuvo una relación Foucault (wikipedia: relationship) apart. Pero helped found the "Groupe d'Information sur les Prisons" (Wikipedia: Group d'Information sur les Prisons) (GIP) to help them prisioneros (WIKIPEIA: PRISIONEROS) to make public their Reclamaciones (Wikipedia: Reclamaciones). That leads to the thinking (Wikipedia: I think) his work Surveiller et Punishment (Wikipedia: FOUCAULT: Surveiller punish ET) narrates that the micro-structures of power in the industrialized societies formed from del siglo XVIII, especially in the prisons and the schools. En 1977, cuando una Comisión del francés Parliament (Wikipedia: French Parliament) discuss a reform of the French Criminal Code (Wikipedia: French Criminal Code), a firm with Jacques Derrida (Wikipedia: Jacques Derrida) and Louis Althusser, among others, asked the anulación of some of the articles of the law for all decriminalized the relationships between consenting adults and those older than fifteen years (the age of consent in France). Believe that the criminal justice system (Wikipedia: criminal justice system) replaced the punishment of the criminal acts (Wikipedia: PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIMINAL ACT S) for the creation of the figure of an individual hazards (Wikipedia: creation of the FIGURE OF A PERSON PELIGRO) for society (Wikipedia: SOCIETY) (sin tener en cuenta el verdadero crimen (Wikipedia: Crimen)), y una sociedad predijo that sale of hazards, en la cual la sexualidad (Wikipedia: SEXUALIDAD) would be a kind of danger wandering (Wikipedia : SPECIES OF PELIGRO Errante), a "ghost" (Wikipedia: GHOST). The end of the seventies, the political activist (Wikipedia: political activist) en Francia decay. Many of the Maoist ideology of mudaron (Wikipedia: Ideology), called the New Philosophers (Wikipedia: philosophy), very conservative, citaban to Foucault as their primary mentor, in spite of parecerse nothing to it. In this season, began his monumental work on La historia (Wikipedia: HISTORIA DE LA SEXUALIDAD) de la sexualidad, which never ends. Its first volume, La voluntad wonder 9 Wikipedia: LA VOLUNTAD TO KNOW), was published in 1976. The second volume, as well as the third, appeared eight years after, and sorprendieron her readers for their relatively traditional style, its subject of study (Wikipedia: STUDY) (classical Greek and Latin texts (Wikipedia: LATIN TEXTS Griego Y)) y particularly its concentration in the subject (Wikipedia: CONCENTRATIONS IN THE subjects), a concept that had tended to denigrate (Wikipedia: CONCEPT TO HAVING A denigrate had) previously. Foucault muere en París (Wikipedia: Paris), sick of AIDS in 1984. Wikipedia: Some ideas: From Historia de la Locura (Wikipedia: HISTORIA DE LA TV) in the classical era hasta sus libros de la inconclusive La Historia de la sexualidad (Wikipedia: HISTORIA DE LA SEXUALIDAD) is located within a philosophy (Wikipedia: FILOSOFIA) of knowledge (WIKIPEIA: KNOWLEDGE) which located in the workshops of history. Their theories about the knowledge, the power and the subject rompieron with the modern conceptions of these terms, so it is considered a postmodernism (Wikipedia: Postmodern) Although the Foucault in the interesaba the label, arguing that it would discuss the definition of 'modernity (Wikipedia: modernity.) Pero se le considered as due to that, but share with the structural (Wikipedia: STRUCTURAL) some lines of thought (Wikipedia: Pensamiento) careció siempre de la pretensión of cientificidad (Wikipedia: PRETENSIÓN DE CIENTIFICIDAD) characteristic of this current (Wikipedia : characteristics of the Corrientes), repressed the abyss (Wikipedia: Abyss) that opens between the words (Wikipedia: PALABRAS) y las cosas (Wikipedia: COSAS). In addition to these books, have been published transcription of some of its courses dicta in the Collège de France and numerous interviews. Wikipedia: Foucault studied honda power, rompiendo with the classical conceptions of this term. For him, the power (Wikipedia: power) can be located in the institution in a (Wikipedia: institutional), or in the State, (Wikipedia: STATE) is determined by the game of knowledge (Wikipedia: JUEGO of knowledge) that the respaldan domination of few individuals (Wikipedia: domination OF INDIVIDUALS UNAIDS) on other al interior (Wikipedia: INTERIOR) of these structures. The power is not seen as something that the individual sovereign yields al (conception (Wikipedia: CONCEPCIÓN) contractual legal-political), but that is a relationship of forces (Wikipedia: RELATION OF Fuerza), a strategic situation in a given society (Wikipedia : STRATEGIC a situation EN UNA SOCIEDAD particular). Therefore, the power, al be related, is in all parties, the subject is cross by relationships of power, as can be seen independently of them. Power, según dice, not only represses, but also, produce effects of truth (Wikipedia: EFFECTS OF LA VERDAD) and produces knowledge (Wikipedia: KNOW). Wikipedia: Highlights the emergence of a biopower that absorb the old right of life and death (Wikipedia: OLD DERECHO DE VIDA and death) that the sovereign (Wikipedia: Sovereignty) detentaba and you want to convert the object in life administrable (Wikipedia: OBJECT) by del poder. In this sense (Wikipedia: DIRECTION), the life set (Wikipedia: LIFE regular) must be protected, expanded and diversified. Its reverse (Wikipedia: reverse), and in certain sense its effect, is that for such effects is necessary to precisely date with death, either in the form of the death penalty, the political repression, the eugenics, the genocide, (WIKIPEIA : POLITICS, eugenics, genocide) etc, as a possibility (Wikipedia: Posibilidad) which exerts on the life of power from which it is based in their care. Distinguishes the techniques of biopower that appear in the XVII and XVIII centuries. This anatomopolítica (Wikipedia: ANATOMOPOÍTICA) is characterized as a technology (Wikipedia: TECHNOLOGY) individualizante of power, based (Wikipedia: Based) en el scrutinize in the individuals, their behaviors (Wikipedia: BEHAVIOR) y su cuerpo (Wikipedia: Cuerpo) con el fin de anatomizarlos, es decir, produce docile bodies and fragmented (Wikipedia: Produce docile body and fragments). Is based on the discipline as an instrument of control (Wikipedia: DISCIPLINE AS A TOOL OF CONTROL) of the body social (Wikipedia: Cuerpo SOCIAL) penetrating en él hasta llegar hasta sus atoms (Wikipedia: ATOM) individuals individuals (Wikipedia: PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS) . Surveillance, control, performance of intensificación (Wikipedia: monitoring, control, MULTIPICACIÓN OF PERFORMANCE), multiplication of capacity, Emplazamiento, utility, (Wikipedia: CAPABILITIES, EMPALAZAMIENTO, utility) etc.. All of these categories (Wikipedia: Categories) applied al constitute a specific individual new discipline. Wikipedia: It has as its object the human population, (Wikipedia: NATIVE POPULATIONS HUMAN) groups of living beings governed (Wikipedia: Group of living governed) by biological processes and laws (Wikipedia: PROCESOSY LEYES BIOLOGICAL). This biological entity (Wikipedia: biological entity) pose conmensurables of natalidad rates, mortality (WIKIPEIA: CONMENSURABLES rates of NATALIDAD., Mortality), morbidity, mobility in the territories, (Wikipedia: Morbidity, mobility EN LSO TERRITORISO) etc, which can to use controlarla to the direction in which desee. In this way, according to the Foucaultian perspective, the power becomes less materialistic and legal, since they now must deal with, respectively, through the techniques indicates, with the body and life, the individual and the species. Wikipedia: developing a theory of discourse, (Wikipedia: THEORY OF SPEECH) that used to problematize institutions as hospitals, asylums, prisons and schools (Wikipedia: Hospital, Manicômio, Prison Y ESCUELA). Their analysis (WIKIEDIA: ANÁLISIS) focuses on only in the coercive apparatus and in its operation, but in the speeches, that is, the language of the disciplines that define what is a human being. It is the languages of the bureaucracy (Wikipedia: bureaucracy) of the administration (Wikipedia: ADMINISTRACIÓN) of medicine (Wikipedia: MEDICINE) of the psicoanálisis (Wikipedia: Psychoanalysis), in itself, the power of languages (Wikipedia: lenguage DEL PODER) them which are not descriptive but normative (Wikipedia: normative), since it defined-equipped and have the power to exclude individual al del cielo de la sociedad y to determine the conditions of their admission en ella: legal capacity, moral awareness, training, (Wikipedia: LEGAL CAPACITY, moral conscience, FORMACIÓN) the discipline. Its position in relation to the listed (Wikipedia: ENUCIADOS) is radical (Wikipedia: RADICAL). Not only eliminates questions about truth (Wikipedia: Cuestiones ON LA VERDAD), but including questions dne meaning (Wikipedia: Cuestiones ON THE MEANING). Instead of seeking the origin of meaning (WIKIPEEDIA: ORIGIN OF SIGNIFICANCE) in some subject trascendental (Wikipedia: SUJET Transcendental) in relation to the accepted practices (Wikipedia: RELATION WITH THE PRACTICE Aceptado), meaning that the Foucault niega Tenga some importance en su trabajo (Wikipedia: TRABAJO). Its strategy describe in detail how the affirmation appear in fact, that it was the fact that if y dijo escribió, y cómo esto encaja in the formation of the speeches. Want to avoid any interpretation (Wikipedia: INTERPRETATION) and alejarse of the objectives of the hermenéutica (Wikipedia: Hermeneutics). This posture allows Foucault is Aleje of anthropological point of view and is focused on the role of discursive practices. Abandoning al meaning opinion on the structural Foucault al. Sin embargo, él rehúsa is to examine the Oraciones outside of its role in the formation and discursive rehúsa is also possible to examine Oraciones that could arise from such training. From here comes his identity as historian, because only the interested Oraciones describe that, in fact, occurred in history. The whole system and its discursive rules determine the identity of the prayer, therefore, has the sense to distinguish them from the possible Oraciones occurred. Only the fact Oraciones that occur are those that can occur in a discursive system. So that one should merely describe specific systems that determine what types of Oraciones may arise.

Works

La Historia de la Locura en la era classic was decisive in its trajectory, by the choice of their object (the sinrazón), in the language used (as Bataille and Blanchot bottom), for the literary references (from Diderot to Artaud), in su engranaje with the spin Cartesian (Descartes was siempre la nueva frontera del pensamiento, hasta su muerte según signal), in addressing the problem of normalization since the XVII and XVIII century, which is the prologue to what will happen in the contemporary era según will explaining the rest of his work until 1976. As with those classics, the literature and the cases that worked on them are being reviewed today, especially in light of the publication in the course of their Seminars. Wikipedia: The birth of the clinic, the second major work of Foucault, was published in 1963. Trace the development of medicine, specifically the institution of the clinic. The central theme is the observation of the vigilant gaze, down to open up the corpses, promoted in the years of the revolutionary turmoil. Wikipedia: Las palabras y las cosas, published in 1966, EMPIEZA with a discussion of Las Meninas by Diego Velázquez, en atención a su juego de Miradas complex, hidden and appearance. De ahí develops its central argument: that all periods of history poseen certain conditions consituyen that fundamental truth of what is acceptable, for example, the scientific discourse. Y argues that these conditions of speech change through time, by relatively sudden changes in one episteme to another, according to the end to introduce. It is a profound reflection on the be speaking, and the possibility of human knowledge. Es una obra capital, within the significant intellectual labor Foucault, y puso al author in the first plan in the history of intellectual thought. Wikipedia: The archeology of knowledge, 1969, represents its main adventure in methodology. Lo escribió to lidii with the perception that it had to Las palabras y las cosas. Hare referencia a la angloamericana analytical philosophy, in particular to the theory of discursive act. Directs his analysis toward the prayer, the basic unit of speech which considers ese ignored until now. Las Oraciones depend on the conditions in which emerging and existing within the field of speech. Are not propositional, ni ni declaraciones discursive acts. In his analysis, considers the serious discourse acts in terms of its literal analysis, in place to seek some more profound meaning. It is important to note that in no way is trying to invalidate the displaced other forms of discourse analysis. Wikipedia: monitoring and punishing, 1975 EMPIEZA with a very graphic description of the public execution of the regicide Damiens in 1757. Against this, Foucault expose a gray prison, 80 years after search and understand how this change could occur in the form of punishment to the belief in a period so short. These forms of punishment of the son tan contrasting examples of what it called "technologies of punishment." First, the technology of punishment 'monarchy', consists in the repression of the population through torture and ejecuciones public. The second is the "Punishment disciplinario", según dice, is the form of punishment practiced today, that's the punishment to the "professionals" (psychologists, facilitators, guards, etc.). Prisionero on the power: the duration of the stay depends on the opinion of the professionals. Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre: Foucault compares modern society with the design of prisons called panópticos of Bentham (built but never taken into account): alli, un solo guardian can prisioneros while monitoring the many in the Guard can be seen. El Calabozo oscuro de la pre-modernity has been Reemplazo by shining the modern prison, but Foucault advierte that "the visibility is a trap." Through this approach to surveillance, dice, la sociedad moderna Ejercito their systems of control of power and knowledge (terms considered so closely related that it often speaking with the concept "power-knowledge"). Foucault suggests that in all the plans for modern society there is a kind of 'prison continues,' from the prison of maximum security, social workers, the police, the teachers, to our work and daily life. All are connected through the surveillance (in the deliberate) of few human beings by other, in search of a 'normalization' widespread. Wikipedia: Hasta su muerte publicaron are three volumes of the history of sexuality. The first, La voluntad de saber, 1976, is located in the the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this del funcionamiento de la sexualidad in relation with the emergence of bio-power, the "control over the living bodies", es decir, all economic, geographic and demographic down the power to control the media. The power is found diffuse, fragmented, relocated, is ubicuo and pervades all social relations. Attacks the "hypothesis dams", the common belief that we have "repressed" our sexual impulses from the nineteenth century. And it proposes a vision of sexuality as "promoted" through the discursive construction of gender. However, this course is facing sexual freedom continuously al "control over the living bodies," and the right of the sword, death, typical of disciplinary societies, has transferred to the El Paso "interiorización of the standard," arrangements with more chords control of the companies in which vivimos. Therefore, the author concibe sexual discourse and the sexual freedom "achieved" in the last decades (the Sencillamente deseada by those defienden la libertad) device as a fake, you want to distract from what really should be the object of struggle in our society: the control over our own bodies, about our passions and deseos. The other volumes, The use of the boards of Si and La inquietud, tratan on the use of the body and its ascetic morality in the Greek and Roman antiquity. A fourth volume, which abordaba ya la era cristiana, completed fall, but without adecuarlo to these two books, for that reason has been published in.

Libros

* Mental disease and personality / Maladie mentale et personnalité (1954; reed. In 1962).
* Historia de la Locura en la era classic / Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique. Folie et Deraison (1961).
* Raymond Roussel (1963).
* The birth of the clinical / naissance de la clinique. Une archéologie du regard médical (1963).
* Las palabras y las cosas: an archeology of the human sciences / Les mots et les choses. Une archéologie des sciences humaines (1966).
* El pensamiento del afuera / La pensée du dehors (1966), paper.
* The archeology of knowledge / L'archéologie du savoir (1969).
* Siete sentence on the seventh Angel / Sept propos sur le Septième ange (1970), paper.
* El orden del discurso / L'ordre du discours (1970), inaugural speech at the Collège de France.
* This is not a kite '/ Ceci n'est pas une pipe (1973), trial brief.
* Monitoring and punishing / Surveiller et punish (1975).
* Historia de la sexualidad, 1: La voluntad to know / Histoire de la sexualité, 1. La Volonte de savoir (1976).
* Historia de la sexualidad, 2: The use of the boards / Histoire de la sexualité, 2. L'usage des plaisirs (1984).
* Historia de la sexualidad, 3: La inquietud de sí / Histoire de la sexualité, 3. Le souci de soi (1984).

* Dits et écrits (1994), 4 vols., Collection of all his articles and interviews.

* Cours au Collège de France (1997 and ff.), 13 volumes will be fundamental to understand their thinking. Published by Gallimard-Seuil, are:
the La Volonte de savoir
Théories institutions and the criminal
La société a punitive
Le pouvoir psychiatrique, 2003 (tr. Akal, 2005)
the Les anormaux, 1999 (Akal, 2001)
the 'Il faut défendre la société, 1997 (Akal, 2003)
the Sécurité, territoire, population, 2004 (Akal, 2008)
the naissance of the biopolitique, 2004
the Du gouvernement des vivants
the Subjectivité et vérité; L'herméutique du sujet, 2001 (Akal, 2005)
Le gouvernement de soi et des autres, 2008
Le courage de la vérité. (Le Gouvernement de soi et des autres, Il), 2009.

External Links

Wikiquote

* Home Wikiquote famous phrase of Michel Foucault.
* Center Foucault: chronology, bibliography, data
* The eye of power
* Interview on literature --
* Interview with Michel Foucault in video + + Biografía Resúmenes writings of its main
* Monitoring and Castigar Resumen

Fuentes

BARTHES *, Roland, 'For both parties, Ensayos Critical, Barcelona, Seix Barral, 1973, pp.201 210 (or.1961).
* BLANCHOT, Maurice, Michel Foucault tel je l'imagine that, Montpellier, Fata Morgana, 1986.
* COUSINS, Mark; HUSSAIN, Athar, Michel Foucault, London, MacMillan, 1984.
DELEUZE *, Gilles, Foucault, Paris, Minuit, 1986.
* DERRIDA, Jacques, "Cogito et histoire de la folie ', L'écriture et la différence, Paris, Le Seuil, 1979, pp.51 97 (or. 1967).
* DREYFUS, Hubert; RABINOW, Paul, Michel Foucault. Un parcours philosophique, Paris, Gallimard, 1984 (expansion of the or. Chicago, 1982).
* Eribon, Didier, Michel Foucault, Paris, Flammarion, 1989.
* Giard, Luce, Michel Foucault. Lire l'oeuvre, Grenoble, Jérôme Millon, 1992.
HABERMAS *, Jürgen, The philosophical discourse of modernity, Madrid, Taurus, 1989 (or. Francfort, 1985).
* HOY, David C. (comp.), Foucault, Buenos Aires, Nueva Visión, 1988.
* Jalón, Mauricio, El laboratorio de Foucault, Barcelona / Madrid, Anthropos / CSIC, 1994.
* KREMER MARIETTI, Angèle, Michel Foucault, Paris, LGF, 1985.
MERQUIOR *, José, Guilherme, Foucault or the nihilisme of the Chair, Paris, PUF, 1986 (or. London, 1985).
* MOREY, Michael, Reading of Foucault, Madrid, Taurus, 1983.
* POSTER, Mark, Foucault, Marxism and History, Buenos Aires, Paidós, 1987 (or. New York, 1984).
PROUST *, Jacques (dir.), "Foucault entretiens sur 'La pensée, 137, 1968.
* RAJCHMAN, John, Foucault et la liberté de savoir, Paris, PUF, 1987 (or. New York, 1985).
* Rell, Franco (ed.), Il device Foucault, Venecia, CLUVA, 1977.
* ROVATTI, Pier Aldo (ed.), Foucault Effetto, Milan, Feltrinelli, 1986.
Sauquillo *, Julián, M. Foucault: a philosophy of the action, Madrid, CEC, 1989.
* SCHMIDT, Wilhelm, In search of a new art of living, Valencia, Pre-Textos, 2002.
* SERRANO, Antonio, M. Foucault. Subject, right, power, Zaragoza, Universidad de Zaragoza, 1986.
* SHERIDAN, Alan, M. Foucault: The Will to Truth, London and New York, Tavistock, 1980.
VEYNE *, Paul, 'Foucault révolutionne l'histoire ", a continuación to Comment on écrit l'histoire, Paris, Le Seuil, 1979.
VEYNE *, Paul, Michel Foucault, sa pensée, sa personne, Paris, Albin Michel, 2008.
* VV. AA., Michel Foucault. Une histoire de la vérité, Paris, Syros, 1985.
* VV. AA., Michel Foucault, philosophe, Paris, Le Seuil, 1989.
* VV. AA., Penser la folie. Essais sur Michel Foucault, Paris, Galilée, 1992.
* Discussion with Noam Chomsky, The human nature: justice versus power, Buenos Aires and Madrid, Barpal Katz, 2006.
* WHITE, Hayden V., 'The discourse of Foucault' The content of the form, Barcelona, Paidós, 1992, pp.123-154 (or. Baltimore and London, 1987).
Wikipedia: Henry Alphonsus of Guimaraens (Ouro Preto, July 24, 1870 - Mariana, 15 July 1921) was a Brazilian writer. Wikipedia: The poetry of Alphonsus of Guimaraens is mystical and highly involved with religiosidadade Catholic. His sonnets have a classical structure, and are deeply religious and sensitive in that it explores the meaning of death, the impossible love, of loneliness and inaptação the world. Wikipedia: However, the mystical tone prints in his work a sense of acceptance and resignation in the face of life itself, of suffering and pain. Another striking feature of his work is the use of spirituality in relation to the female figure which is considered an angel or a celestial being, therefore, Alphonsus of Guimaraens is neo-romantic and symbolist the same time as these two schools have characteristics similar. Wikipedia: His work, mostly poetry, established him as one of the principal authors simbolistas Brazil. With reference to the city that spent part of his life, is also called the "Mariana's lonely," their "ivory tower of Symbolism." His poetry is almost all dedicated to the theme of Death Women's beloved. Although I prefer the back decasyllabic, came to explore other metrics, particularly the largest redondilha (completed in seven syllables métticas). WIKIPEEDIA : BIOGRAFIA : Filho de Albino da Costa Guimarães, comerciante português, e de Francisca de Paula Guimarães Alvim, sobrinha do poeta Bernardo de Guimarães. WIKIPEDIA : Matriculou-se em 1887 no curso de engenharia. Um fato marcante em sua vida foi a perda prematura da prima e noiva Constança, e a morte da moça abalou-o moralmente e fisicamente.Foi, em 1891, para São Paulo, onde matricula-se no curso de Direito da Faculdade do Largo São Francisco, voltou a Minas Gerais e formou-se em direito em 1894, na recém inaugurada Faculdade Livre de Direito de Minas Gerais, que na época funcionava em Ouro Preto. Em São Paulo, colaborou na imprensa e freqüentou a Vila Kyrial, de José de Freitas Vale, onde se reuniam os jovens simbolistas. Em 1895, no Rio de Janeiro, conheceu Cruz e Souza, poeta do qual já admirava e tornou-se amigo pessoal. Também foi juiz substituto e promotor em Conceição do Serro (MG). No ano de 1897, casa-se com Zenaide de Oliveira. Posteriormente, no ano de 1899, estreou na literatura com dois volumes de versos: Septenário das dores de Nossa Senhora e Câmara Ardente, e Dona Mística; ambos de nítida inspiração simbolista.

Em 1900 passou a exercer a função de jornalista colaborando em "A Gazeta", de São Paulo. Em 1902 publicou Kyriale, sob o pseudônimo de Alphonsus de Guimaraens; esta obra o projetou no universo literário, obtendo assim um reconhecimento, ainda que restrito de alguns raros críticos e amigos mais próximos. Em 1903, os cargos de juizes-substituto foram suprimidos pelo governo do estado, consequentemente Alphonsus perdeu também seu cargo de Juiz, fato que o levou a graves dificuldades financeiras.

Após recusar um posto de destaque no jornal A Gazeta, Alphonsus foi nomeado para a direção do jornal político Conceição do Serro, onde também colaboraria seu irmão o poeta Archangelus de Guimaraens , Cruz e Souza e José Severino de Resende. Em 1906, tornou-se Juiz Municipal de Mariana (cidade vizinha a Ouro Preto) cargo que exerceria pelo resto de sua vida pacata. Em 1909, é eleito membro da Acadêmia Mineira de Letras, ocupando a cadeira n° 3. Viveu seus últimos anos na obscuridade ao lado de sua esposa Zenaide de Oliveira, com quem teve 15 filhos, dois dos quais também escritores: João Alphonsus e Alphonsus Guimaraens Filho. Devido ao período que viveu em Mariana, ficou conhecido como "O Solitário de Mariana", apesar de ter vivido lá com a mulher e com seus 15 filhos. O apelido foi dado a ele devido ao estado de isolamento completo em que viveu. Sua vida, nessa época, passou a ser dedicada basicamente às atividades de juiz e à elaboração de sua obra poética.

Obras

* Setenário das Dores de Nossa Senhora (1899, poesia)
* Câmara Ardente (1899, poesia)
* Dona Mística (1899, poesia)
* Kyriale (1902, poesia)
* Mendigos (1920, prosa)
* Ismália (é o mais popular)

Póstumas

* Pastoral aos crentes do amor e da morte (1923, poesia)
* Escada de Jacó
* Pulvis
* Salmos da noite
* Poesias (1938).
* Jesus eu sei que ela morreu, Viceja...